Simulation

Context

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are complex cyberphysical systems that require extensive testing to ensure safety. Since field testing is costly and unsafe, simulation-based testing using platforms like CARLA and BeamNG.tech has become a cornerstone in AV software validation. These simulators rely heavily on GPU performance for rendering, physics, and sensor emulation, and are therefore both resource-intensive and energy-demanding. As the scale of simulation campaigns grows (thousands of tests per day in CI pipelines), understanding and optimizing GPU cost becomes critical for cost-effective and sustainable testing.